![]() ![]() Pickling/activation solution for the pretreatment of aluminum-steel composites prior to dip tinning Method for pickling mettalic surface, pickling solutions therefor, and process for regenerating spent pickling solutionsĬoated metal substrates and methods for preparing and inhibiting corrosion of the same Process for electrolytic pickling using nitric acid-free solutions ![]() ![]() Method for applying a phosphate coating and use of metal parts coated in this manner Method for removing a coating from a substrate, and related compositions The use of complex fluoride ions of elements of groups 4, 13, or 14 of the periodic table of the chemical elements (preferably selected from complex fluoride ions of the elements B, Si, Ti, and Zr) in concentrations from 30 t 500 millimoles per liter in process solutions for pickling steel or for bleaching and/or passivating pickled surfaces of stainless steel a process solution for pickling steel or bleaching and/or passivating pickled surfaces of stainless steel comprising: a) one or more strong acids, b) one or more oxidizing agents in the bleaching/passisvating process, c) complex fluoride ions of elements of groups 4, 13 or 14 of the periodic table of the chemical elements in concentrations from 50 to 500 mmoles per liter replenisher or concentrate containing a combination of active substances thereof a process for pickling steel or for brightening and/or passivating of pickled surfaces of stainless steel, wherein the surfaces are brought into contact with such a process solution. ![]()
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